Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Statistical heat maps illustrating the group average location of each of the 10 GPi segments. Maps are thresholded at >10%. PPN indicates pedunculopontine nucleus.
- Fig 2.
Scatterplots showing the change in the UPDRS score relative to volumes of tissue activated in the primary motor segment (upper left), supplementary motor area/premotor cortex segment (upper right), globus pallidus externus segment (lower left), and substantia nigra segment (bottom right).
- Fig 3.
Left (A) and right (D) group average volumes for segments with maximal connectivity to the primary motor cortex (yellow) and supplementary motor area/premotor cortex (light blue). B, Left DBS leads and volumes of tissue activated (red) for the 3 patients with improvement in the UPDRS III of >10 (mean improvement in the score = 26.7) after DBS. A more ventral location and greater overlap with the primary motor cortex segment can be appreciated. C, Left DBS leads and volumes of tissue activated (red) in the 3 patients with the least improvement in the UPDRS III score (mean improvement in the score = 0.7) show a more dorsal location of the volume of tissue activated with less overlap with the primary motor cortex segment of the GPi. E, Right DBS leads and volumes of tissue activated. All patients had an improvement in the UPDRS III score of >10 (mean improvement in the score = 19).
Tables
Patient and deep brain stimulation characteristics and outcomesa
Variable Summary (N = 11) Patient characteristics Age at DBS (mean) (range) (yr) 62 (49–73) Male sex (No.) (%) 10 (90.9%) Disease duration (mean) (range) (yr) 9 (6–16) Handedness (right) (No.) (%) 10 (90.9%) Deep brain stimulation information Volume of tissue activated (mm3) Caudate No. (%) of patients with values of >0 0 (0.0%) Median (minimum, maximum) 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) GPe No. (%) of patients with values of >0 11 (100.0%) Median (minimum, maximum) 19.3 (0.8, 78.4) M1 No. (%) of patients with values of >0 8 (72.7%) Median (minimum, maximum) 3.6 (0.0, 42.9) PPN No. (%) of patients with values of >0 1 (9.1%) Median (minimum, maximum) 0.0 (0.0, 7.9) PFC No. (%) of patients with values of >0 2 (18.2%) Median (minimum, maximum) 0.0 (0.0, 5.5) Putamen No. (%) of patients with values of >0 2 (18.2%) Median (minimum, maximum) 0.0 (0.0, 38.8) SMA/PMC No. (%) of patients with values of >0 6 (54.6%) Median (minimum, maximum) 4.8 (0.0, 46.5) STN No. (%) of patients with values of >0 0 (0.0%) Median (minimum, maximum) 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) SN No. (%) of patients with values of >0 8 (72.7%) Median (minimum, maximum) 5.8 (0.0, 36.3) Thalamus No. (%) of patients with values of >0 1 (9.1%) Median (minimum, maximum) 0.0 (0.0, 0.5) Outcomes Preoperative UPDRS III score (range) 42 (27–55) 6-Month follow-up UPDRS III score (range) 21 (13–40) Change in UPDRS III score (preoperative minus 6-month follow-up) (range) 15 (−12–31) Note:—PFC indicates prefrontal cortex; PPN, pedunculopontine nucleus.
↵a The sample median (minimum, maximum) is given for continuous variables.
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