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Research ArticleADULT BRAIN

Prevalence of Traumatic Findings on Routine MRI in a Large Cohort of Professional Fighters

J.K. Lee, J. Wu, S. Banks, C. Bernick, M.G. Massand, M.T. Modic, P. Ruggieri and S.E. Jones
American Journal of Neuroradiology July 2017, 38 (7) 1303-1310; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5175
J.K. Lee
aFrom the Imaging Institute (J.K.L., J.W., M.G.M., M.T.M., P.R., S.E.J.)
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J. Wu
aFrom the Imaging Institute (J.K.L., J.W., M.G.M., M.T.M., P.R., S.E.J.)
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S. Banks
bLou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (S.B., C.B.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
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C. Bernick
bLou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (S.B., C.B.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
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M.G. Massand
aFrom the Imaging Institute (J.K.L., J.W., M.G.M., M.T.M., P.R., S.E.J.)
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M.T. Modic
aFrom the Imaging Institute (J.K.L., J.W., M.G.M., M.T.M., P.R., S.E.J.)
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P. Ruggieri
aFrom the Imaging Institute (J.K.L., J.W., M.G.M., M.T.M., P.R., S.E.J.)
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S.E. Jones
aFrom the Imaging Institute (J.K.L., J.W., M.G.M., M.T.M., P.R., S.E.J.)
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Article Figures & Data

Figures

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    Fig 1.

    Example of CSP and septum pellucidum measurements.

  • Fig 2.
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    Fig 2.

    Prevalence of MR imaging findings in fighters versus controls.

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    Fig 3.

    Example of cerebral microhemorrhage in a fighter.

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    Fig 4.

    Schematic diagram showing the location of all cerebral microhemorrhages observed from all 21 fighters in the study. Although 50 CMHs were observed, 2 fighters had a disproportionate share, and their CMHs have their own symbol of a cross and a triangle. The simplified diagram does not show all the sulci. Most CMHs were actually located near the cortex, and a few were located in the deep white matter.

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    Fig 5.

    Schematic diagram showing the location of all 15 nonspecific white matter changes observed from 5 randomly selected controls with foci shown by crosses. For comparison of the distribution, 5 randomly selected fighters with NSWMC are shown by circles, which totaled 12. As in Fig 4, the simplified diagram does not show all the sulci, most NSWMCs were actually located near the cortex, and only 2 were located in the periventricular margins.

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    Fig 6.

    The number of fights in fighters with and without cavum septum pellucidum, cavum vergae, cerebral microhemorrhages, and nonspecific white matter change.

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    Fig 7.

    Septum pellucidum length, cavum septum pellucidum length, cavum septum pellucidum plus cavum vergae length, and maximum transverse diameter of the CSP in fighters versus controls.

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    Fig 8.

    Cavum septum pellucidum and cavum septum pellucidum plus cavum vergae to septum pellucidum ratios in fighters versus controls.

Tables

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  • Imaging findings in fighters and controls

    Imaging FindingsFighters (n = 499a) (No.) (%)Controls (n = 62) (No.) (%)P Value
    NSWMC118 (23.6)12 (19.4).525
    CMH21 (4.2)0 (0).152
    CSP265 (53.1)11 (17.7)<.001
    CV72 (14.4)0 (0)<.001
    • ↵a Except for CMH, which had 498 because 1 fighter did not have SWI.

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American Journal of Neuroradiology: 38 (7)
American Journal of Neuroradiology
Vol. 38, Issue 7
1 Jul 2017
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Cite this article
J.K. Lee, J. Wu, S. Banks, C. Bernick, M.G. Massand, M.T. Modic, P. Ruggieri, S.E. Jones
Prevalence of Traumatic Findings on Routine MRI in a Large Cohort of Professional Fighters
American Journal of Neuroradiology Jul 2017, 38 (7) 1303-1310; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A5175

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Prevalence of Traumatic Findings on Routine MRI in a Large Cohort of Professional Fighters
J.K. Lee, J. Wu, S. Banks, C. Bernick, M.G. Massand, M.T. Modic, P. Ruggieri, S.E. Jones
American Journal of Neuroradiology Jul 2017, 38 (7) 1303-1310; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A5175
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