Practical Visualization of Internal Structure of White Matter for Image Interpretation: Staining a Spin-Echo T2-Weighted Image with Three Echo-Planar Diffusion-Weighted Images

References

1. ↵
   Thomsen C, Henriksen O, Ring P. In vivo measurement of water self diffusion in the human brain by magnetic resonance imaging. Acta Radiol 1987;28:353–361

   PubMedWeb of Science
2. Moseley ME, Cohen Y, Kucharczyk J, et al. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of anisotropic water diffusion in cat central nervous system. Radiology 1990;176:439–446

   PubMedWeb of Science
3. Moseley ME, Kucharczyk J, Asgari HS, Norman D. Anisotropy in diffusion-weighted MRI. Magn Reson Med 1991;19:321–326

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
4. Chenevert TL, Brunberg JA, Pipe JG. Anisotropic diffusion in human white matter: demonstration with MR techniques in vivo. Radiology 1990;177:401–405

   PubMedWeb of Science
5. Chien D, Buxton RB, Kwong KK, Brady TJ, Rosen BR. MR diffusion imaging of the human brain. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1990;14:514–520

   PubMedWeb of Science
6. Doran M, Hajnal JV, Van Bruggen N, King MD, Young IR, Bydder GM. Normal and abnormal white matter tracts shown by MR imaging using directional diffusion weighted sequences. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1990;14:865–873

   PubMedWeb of Science
7. ↵
   Hajnal JV, Doran M, Hall AS, et al. MR imaging of anisotropically restricted diffusion of water in the nervous system: technical, anatomic, and pathologic considerations. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1991;15:1–18

   PubMedWeb of Science
8. ↵
   van Gelderen P, de Vleeschouwer MH, DesPres D, Pekar J, van Zijl PC, Moonen CT. Water diffusion and acute stroke. Magn Reson Med 1994;31:154–163

   PubMedWeb of Science
9. Lythgoe MF, Busza AL, Calamante F, et al. Effects of diffusion anisotropy on lesion delineation in a rat model of cerebral ischemia. Magn Reson Med 1997;38:662–668

   PubMed
10. Ulug AM, Beauchamp N Jr, Bryan RN, van Zijl PC. Absolute quantitation of diffusion constants in human stroke. Stroke 1997;28:483–490

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
11. ↵
    Provenzale JM, Sorensen AG. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging in acute stroke: theoretic considerations and clinical applications. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1999;173:1459–1467

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
12. ↵
    Douek P, Turner R, Pekar J, Patronas N, Le Bihan D. MR color mapping of myelin fiber orientation. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1991;15:923–929

    PubMedWeb of Science
13. ↵
    Coremans J, Luypaert R, Verhelle F, Stadnik T, Osteaux M. A method for myelin fiber orientation mapping using diffusion-weighted MR images. Magn Reson Imaging 1994;12:443–454

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
14. Kinosada Y, Nakagawa T. New non-invasive technique to visualize three-dimensional anatomical structures of myelinated white matter tracts of human brain in vivo. Front Med Biol Eng 1994;6:37–49

    PubMed
15. ↵
    Nakada T, Matsuzawa H. Three-dimensional anisotropy contrast magnetic resonance imaging of the rat nervous system: MR axonography [published erratum appears in Neurosci Res 1995;23:229–230]. Neurosci Res 1995;22:389–398

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
16. ↵
    Pierpaoli C, Jezzard P, Basser PJ, Barnett A, Di Chiro G. Diffusion tensor MR imaging of the human brain. Radiology 1996;201:637–648

    PubMedWeb of Science
17. ↵
    Makris N, Worth AJ, Sorensen AG, et al. Morphometry of in vivo human white matter association pathways with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Neurol 1997;42:951–962

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
18. Peled S, Gudbjartsson H, Westin CF, Kikinis R, Jolesz FA. Magnetic resonance imaging shows orientation and asymmetry of white matter fiber tracts. Brain Res 1998;780:27–33

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
19. Mori S, Crain BJ, Chacko VP, van Zijl PC. Three-dimensional tracking of axonal projections in the brain by magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Neurol 1999;45:265–269

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
20. Jones DK, Simmons A, Williams SC, Horsfield MA. Non-invasive assessment of axonal fiber connectivity in the human brain via diffusion tensor MRI. Magn Reson Med 1999;42:37–41

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
21. Conturo TE, Lori NF, Cull TS, et al. Tracking neuronal fiber pathways in the living human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999;96:10422–10427

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
22. ↵
    Pajevic S, Pierpaoli C. Color schemes to represent the orientation of anisotropic tissues from diffusion tensor data: application to white matter fiber tract mapping in the human brain. Magn Reson Med 1999;42:526–540

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
23. ↵
    Xue R, van Zijl PC, Crain BJ, Solaiyappan M, Mori S. In vivo three-dimensional reconstruction of rat brain axonal projections by diffusion tensor imaging. Magn Reson Med 1999;42:1123–1127

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
24. ↵
    Inoue T, Shimizu H, Yoshimoto T. Imaging the pyramidal tract in patients with brain tumors. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1999;101:4–10

    CrossRefPubMed
25. ↵
    Nakada T, Nakayama N, Fujii Y, Kwee IL. Clinical application of three-dimensional anisotropy contrast magnetic resonance axonography. J Neurosurg 1999;90:791–795

    PubMedWeb of Science
26. ↵
    Adachi M, Hosoya T, Haku T, Yamaguchi K, Kawanami T. Evaluation of the substantia nigra in patients with parkinsonian syndrome accomplished using multishot diffusion-weighted MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1999;20:1500–1506

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
27. ↵
    Basser PJ, Mattiello J, Le Bihan D. Anisotropic diffusion: MR diffusion tensor imaging. In: Le Bihan D, ed. Diffusion and Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging. New York: Raven Press;1995 :140–149
28. ↵
    Shrager RI, Basser PJ. Anisotropically weighted MRI. Magn Reson Med 1998;40:160–165

    PubMedWeb of Science
29. ↵
    Burdette JH, Elster AD, Ricci PE. Acute cerebral infarction: quantification of spin-density and T2 shine-through phenomena on diffusion-weighted MR images. Radiology 1999;212:333–339

    PubMedWeb of Science
30. ↵
    Ranson SW, Clark SM. The Anatomy of the Nervous System: Its Development and Function. 10th ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders;1959 :62–65 and 312–326
31. Nieuwenhuys R, Voogd J, van Huijzen C. The Human Central Nervous System. 3rd ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag;1988 :365–375
32. Kasai K, Salamon-Murayama N, Levrier O, et al. Theoretical situation of brain white matter tracts evaluated by three-dimensional MRI. Surg Radiol Anat 1996;18:295–302

    PubMed
33. ↵
    Crosby EC, Humphrey TH, Lauer EW. Correlative Anatomy of the Nervous System. New York: Macmillan Company;1962 :394–409
34. ↵
    Cellerini M, Konze A, Caracchini G, Santoni M, Dal Pozzo G. Magnetic resonance imaging of cerebral associative white matter bundles employing fast-scan techniques. Acta Anat (Basel) 1997;158:215–221

    PubMedWeb of Science
35. ↵
    Kitajima M, Korogi Y, Takahashi M, Eto K. MR signal intensity of the optic radiation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1996;17:1379–1383

    Abstract
36. ↵
    Curnes JT, Burger PC, Djang WT, Boyko OB. MR imaging of compact white matter pathways. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1988;9:1061–1068

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
37. ↵
    Yagishita A, Nakano I, Oda M, Hirano A. Location of the corticospinal tract in the internal capsule at MR imaging. Radiology 1994;191:455–460

    PubMedWeb of Science
38. ↵
    Bick U, Lenzen H. PACS: the silent revolution. Eur Radiol 1999;9:1152–1160

    PubMedWeb of Science
39. ↵
    Kybic J, Thevenaz P, Nirkko A, Unser M. Unwarping of unidirectionally distorted EPI images. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2000;19:80–93

    PubMed